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<blockquote data-quote="Perplexed" data-source="post: 1569708" data-attributes="member: 7157"><p>This is what's happening. As others here have said, when the temperature of a body of water rises, there is a corresponding decrease in the amount of dissolved oxygen (DO) that the water can hold. By and large, a typical static body of water (i.e., a pond with little water movement) will contain anywhere from 5 to 10 parts per million (ppm) of DO, depending on time of day, amount of sunlight, presence of wind, influx of nutrients (such as lawn fertilizers), etc. Typically, the DO levels in a static body of water will rise through the day as the aquatic vegetation produces DO, and the DO levels will fall through the night as oxygen is absorbed by organisms and the decay of organic material. As the body of water heats up, overall DO levels begin to drop, until the levels in the early morning are so low that fish and other aquatic organisms suffer. In general, fish need a bare minimum of about 3 ppm DO just to survive; at this concentration, the fish become stressed (coming to the surface, "gasping" and swimming lethargically with flared gills). When DO levels drop below 3 ppm or so, death occurs. As fish die and their carcasses absorb oxygen through decay, the DO levels drop even further, causing more die-offs.</p><p></p><p>Aerating the water, as people here have suggested, will definitely help, as will having a pond of sufficient depth (at least 7-8 feet) where the deeper areas will remain sufficiently cool. However, deeper areas of a static body of water will hold less DO simply because there's less vegetation at these depths to produce oxygen, so what happens is a "sandwich" of three layers of water, more or less. The upper layer is hot and low in DO; the middle layer is somewhat cooler and has more DO; and the bottom layer is cool and low in DO. If and when that happens, fish seek out the middle layer, but this layer gets thinner and thinner as the hot weather continues, until the fish are squeezed out into one of the other, less favorable layers. Aerating the water should cause the layers to mix to some degree, so that the overall water temperature drops and DO levels rise. This helps the fish to survive, unless the hot weather is so bad and so prolonged that the overall water temperature continues to rise despite aeration, that the fish die anyway. In most ponds of any respectable size though, this should be unusual.</p><p></p><p>Yep, I studied this stuff in college <img src="/images/smilies/wink.png" class="smilie" loading="lazy" alt=";)" title="Wink ;)" data-shortname=";)" /></p></blockquote><p></p>
[QUOTE="Perplexed, post: 1569708, member: 7157"] This is what's happening. As others here have said, when the temperature of a body of water rises, there is a corresponding decrease in the amount of dissolved oxygen (DO) that the water can hold. By and large, a typical static body of water (i.e., a pond with little water movement) will contain anywhere from 5 to 10 parts per million (ppm) of DO, depending on time of day, amount of sunlight, presence of wind, influx of nutrients (such as lawn fertilizers), etc. Typically, the DO levels in a static body of water will rise through the day as the aquatic vegetation produces DO, and the DO levels will fall through the night as oxygen is absorbed by organisms and the decay of organic material. As the body of water heats up, overall DO levels begin to drop, until the levels in the early morning are so low that fish and other aquatic organisms suffer. In general, fish need a bare minimum of about 3 ppm DO just to survive; at this concentration, the fish become stressed (coming to the surface, "gasping" and swimming lethargically with flared gills). When DO levels drop below 3 ppm or so, death occurs. As fish die and their carcasses absorb oxygen through decay, the DO levels drop even further, causing more die-offs. Aerating the water, as people here have suggested, will definitely help, as will having a pond of sufficient depth (at least 7-8 feet) where the deeper areas will remain sufficiently cool. However, deeper areas of a static body of water will hold less DO simply because there's less vegetation at these depths to produce oxygen, so what happens is a "sandwich" of three layers of water, more or less. The upper layer is hot and low in DO; the middle layer is somewhat cooler and has more DO; and the bottom layer is cool and low in DO. If and when that happens, fish seek out the middle layer, but this layer gets thinner and thinner as the hot weather continues, until the fish are squeezed out into one of the other, less favorable layers. Aerating the water should cause the layers to mix to some degree, so that the overall water temperature drops and DO levels rise. This helps the fish to survive, unless the hot weather is so bad and so prolonged that the overall water temperature continues to rise despite aeration, that the fish die anyway. In most ponds of any respectable size though, this should be unusual. Yep, I studied this stuff in college ;) [/QUOTE]
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