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<blockquote data-quote="RickN" data-source="post: 2258080" data-attributes="member: 8854"><p>Part 2</p><p></p><p>There were even slave revolts among white slaves. One of the biggest was led by Nathaniel Bacon in Virginia in 1676 when a small army of white slaves and fugitive white slaves joined Bacon against the House of Burgesses and the Governor. They burned down the city of Jamestown, plundered the plantations and expelled the Governor, William Berkely. By January 1677 all these men had been captured or killed after fighting all winter, half of which they had no leader. Bacon died on October 26, 1676 during the height of the insurrection. He died of an illness.</p><p></p><p>Other white slave rebellions include the rising of 1634 which took 800 troops to put down.</p><p></p><p>[11] Richard Ligon was an eyewitness to a proclamation in 1649, "An Act for an Annual Day of Thanksgiving for our deliverance from the Last Insurrection of Servants." He had this to say about it: "Their sufferings being grown to a great height, and their daily complainings to one another...being spread throughout the island; at the last,some amongst them, whose spirits were not able to endure such slavery, resolved to break through it, or die in the act; and so conspired with some others... so that a day was appointed to fall upon their masters and cut all their throats..." (Ligon, p45)</p><p></p><p>Forty Irish slaves in 1735 ran a vessel aground off Nova Scotia and executed the entire ship's company.</p><p></p><p>[12] The British colonial government was not adverse to calling unlikely "police" to suppress white slave revolts: Blacks. Blacks were admitted to the colonial militia responsible for policing white slaves. The aristocratic planters felt the need to "arm part of their blackmen" to assist in suppressing white slave revolts. (Beckles, p17)</p><p></p><p>In 1710 Thomas Nairne reported that Blacks continued to be members of militias organized by local governments in the Carolinas to police white slaves.</p><p></p><p>[13] In 1715 a reward was offered in Maryland to American Indians to capture runaway white slaves and return them to their masters. This can be found in Maxcy's Laws of Maryland, vol. one.</p><p></p><p>When attempts were made to abolish white slavery and stop the flow of both kidnapped and convict labor, the measures were generally struck down, as when in 1748 Virginia's Burgesses upheld the Act of 1705--which legitimized white slavery.</p><p></p><p>In the book Andrew Johnson, A Biography we learn that President Andrew Johnson, vice-president to Lincoln, was sold into indentured servitude at age 10. His term of servitude was to last until he was 21 years of age. He was sent to work in the Selby Tailor shop in Raleigh, North Carolina. There he often worked more than 12 hours a day. After enduring six years, of this he escaped and made his way to Tennessee, where he went into business fpr himself. (Trefousse, p21)</p><p></p><p>It is the way of our European blood to push on with grit and determination-to overcome adversity. Thus, you've have heard no crying for reparations - no blubbering about oppression. We have forged on--but let us not forget,--for he who forgets history is doomed to repeat it...</p><p></p><p></p><p>NOTES</p><p></p><p>[1] Kendall, Elaine, Los Angeles Times, September 1, 1985.</p><p>[2] Driver, Cecil, Tory Radical: The Life of Richard Oastler</p><p>[3] Inglis Brian, Poverty and the Industrial Revolution.</p><p>[4] Ligon, Richard, A true and Exact History of the Island of Barbados.</p><p>[5] Burton, Thomas, Parliamentary Diary: 1656-59.</p><p>[6] Jernegan, Marcus W., Laboring and Dependent Classes in America, 1607-178-3.</p><p>[7] Dulles, Foster Rhea, Labor in America, A History.</p><p>[8] Oliver, Revilo P., University of Illinois.</p><p>[9] Henning, William, (editor) Statues at Large; Being a Collection of all the Laws of Virginia from the First Session of hte Legislature in the Year 1619.</p><p>[10] Fraser, Walter J. Jr., "Reflections of 'Democracy' in Revolutionary South Carolina? Th'e Composition of Military Organizations and the Attitudes and Relationships of the Officers and Men, 1775-1780," in The Southern Common People.</p><p>[11] Ligon, Richard, A true and Exact History of the Island of Barbados.</p><p>[12] Beckles, Hilary McD., White Servitude and Black Slavery in Barbados, 1627-1715.</p><p>[13] Maxcy's Laws of Maryland.</p><p>[14] Trefousse, Hans L., Andrew Jounson: A Biography.</p><p></p><p></p><p>Selected Bibliography</p><p></p><p>Berlin, Ira, Slaves Without Masters: The free Negro in the Antebellum South.</p><p>Beckles, Hilary McD., "Plantation Production and White Proto-Slavery," The Americas, vol. 41, 1985</p><p>Cobden, John C., The White Slaves of England.</p><p>Emmer, P.C., Colonialism and Migration: Indentured Labor Before and After Slavery.</p><p>Galenson, David W. , White Servitude in Colonial America.</p><p>Genovese, Eugene D. , "Rather Be a ****** Than a Poor White Man: Slave Perceptions of Southern Yeomen and Poor Whites," in Toward a New View of America.</p><p>Herrick, Cheesman A., White Servitude in Pennsylvania.</p><p>Johnson, Robert C., "The Transportation of Vagrant Children from London to Virginia," in Early Stuart Studies.</p><p>Nardinelli, Clark, Child Labor and the Industrial Revolution. Taylor, William, The White Slave's Complaint.</p></blockquote><p></p>
[QUOTE="RickN, post: 2258080, member: 8854"] Part 2 There were even slave revolts among white slaves. One of the biggest was led by Nathaniel Bacon in Virginia in 1676 when a small army of white slaves and fugitive white slaves joined Bacon against the House of Burgesses and the Governor. They burned down the city of Jamestown, plundered the plantations and expelled the Governor, William Berkely. By January 1677 all these men had been captured or killed after fighting all winter, half of which they had no leader. Bacon died on October 26, 1676 during the height of the insurrection. He died of an illness. Other white slave rebellions include the rising of 1634 which took 800 troops to put down. [11] Richard Ligon was an eyewitness to a proclamation in 1649, "An Act for an Annual Day of Thanksgiving for our deliverance from the Last Insurrection of Servants." He had this to say about it: "Their sufferings being grown to a great height, and their daily complainings to one another...being spread throughout the island; at the last,some amongst them, whose spirits were not able to endure such slavery, resolved to break through it, or die in the act; and so conspired with some others... so that a day was appointed to fall upon their masters and cut all their throats..." (Ligon, p45) Forty Irish slaves in 1735 ran a vessel aground off Nova Scotia and executed the entire ship's company. [12] The British colonial government was not adverse to calling unlikely "police" to suppress white slave revolts: Blacks. Blacks were admitted to the colonial militia responsible for policing white slaves. The aristocratic planters felt the need to "arm part of their blackmen" to assist in suppressing white slave revolts. (Beckles, p17) In 1710 Thomas Nairne reported that Blacks continued to be members of militias organized by local governments in the Carolinas to police white slaves. [13] In 1715 a reward was offered in Maryland to American Indians to capture runaway white slaves and return them to their masters. This can be found in Maxcy's Laws of Maryland, vol. one. When attempts were made to abolish white slavery and stop the flow of both kidnapped and convict labor, the measures were generally struck down, as when in 1748 Virginia's Burgesses upheld the Act of 1705--which legitimized white slavery. In the book Andrew Johnson, A Biography we learn that President Andrew Johnson, vice-president to Lincoln, was sold into indentured servitude at age 10. His term of servitude was to last until he was 21 years of age. He was sent to work in the Selby Tailor shop in Raleigh, North Carolina. There he often worked more than 12 hours a day. After enduring six years, of this he escaped and made his way to Tennessee, where he went into business fpr himself. (Trefousse, p21) It is the way of our European blood to push on with grit and determination-to overcome adversity. Thus, you've have heard no crying for reparations - no blubbering about oppression. We have forged on--but let us not forget,--for he who forgets history is doomed to repeat it... NOTES [1] Kendall, Elaine, Los Angeles Times, September 1, 1985. [2] Driver, Cecil, Tory Radical: The Life of Richard Oastler [3] Inglis Brian, Poverty and the Industrial Revolution. [4] Ligon, Richard, A true and Exact History of the Island of Barbados. [5] Burton, Thomas, Parliamentary Diary: 1656-59. [6] Jernegan, Marcus W., Laboring and Dependent Classes in America, 1607-178-3. [7] Dulles, Foster Rhea, Labor in America, A History. [8] Oliver, Revilo P., University of Illinois. [9] Henning, William, (editor) Statues at Large; Being a Collection of all the Laws of Virginia from the First Session of hte Legislature in the Year 1619. [10] Fraser, Walter J. Jr., "Reflections of 'Democracy' in Revolutionary South Carolina? Th'e Composition of Military Organizations and the Attitudes and Relationships of the Officers and Men, 1775-1780," in The Southern Common People. [11] Ligon, Richard, A true and Exact History of the Island of Barbados. [12] Beckles, Hilary McD., White Servitude and Black Slavery in Barbados, 1627-1715. [13] Maxcy's Laws of Maryland. [14] Trefousse, Hans L., Andrew Jounson: A Biography. Selected Bibliography Berlin, Ira, Slaves Without Masters: The free Negro in the Antebellum South. Beckles, Hilary McD., "Plantation Production and White Proto-Slavery," The Americas, vol. 41, 1985 Cobden, John C., The White Slaves of England. Emmer, P.C., Colonialism and Migration: Indentured Labor Before and After Slavery. Galenson, David W. , White Servitude in Colonial America. Genovese, Eugene D. , "Rather Be a ****** Than a Poor White Man: Slave Perceptions of Southern Yeomen and Poor Whites," in Toward a New View of America. Herrick, Cheesman A., White Servitude in Pennsylvania. Johnson, Robert C., "The Transportation of Vagrant Children from London to Virginia," in Early Stuart Studies. Nardinelli, Clark, Child Labor and the Industrial Revolution. Taylor, William, The White Slave's Complaint. [/QUOTE]
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