I don't think the Constitution is supposed to 'prevent' anything'. IMHO it was a statement to world and England that the people on this land mass were forming a new country and a government over here and for England to FO because We The People were in charge over here, not them.
The Bill of Rights were a statement to the newly formed government about how this new government will be formed and what this government did not have the Right to do to the Citizens of the newly formed government.
The Prevention of anything is up to We The People.
"Shall not be..." that's designed to prevent. The Bill of Rights were added because of concerns that the constitution did not restrict government enough. If you look at the history of the ratification, you'll find plenty of politics, and big-government scumbags in there, just like it was 2020. The constitution and Bill of Rights is not some sacred document - it's a framework that was a compromise, and not nearly as good as the Articles of Confederation that preceded it.
The Bill of Rights was put in place to prevent what our government has become.